Classification of the Ayurvedic medicines

Classification of the Ayurvedic medicines

The various ayurvedic medicines were classified in to several groups by the various authors. They are as follows.

Charaka’s Classification of Drugs (50 groups)
1. Promoting Life. (Jeevaneeyam.)
Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Meda, Mahameda, Kaakoli, Ksheerakaakoli, Maashaparni, Mudgaparni, Jeevanti, Yastimadhu.
2. Promoting Growth (Brimhaneeyam)
Ksheerini, Raajakshavaka, Bala, Kaakoli, Ksheerakaakoli, Vatyaayani, Bhadroudani, Bhaaradhwaaji, Payasyaa, Rishyagandhaa.
3. Reducing Growth (Lekhaniyam)
Muusta, Kushta, Haridra, Vacha, Daaruharidra, Ativisha, Katukarohini, Chitraka, Karanja, Haimavati.
4. Promoting Evacuation (Bhedaneeyam.)
Trivruth, Arka, Eranda, Agnimukhi, Danti, Chitramula, Chiribilwa, Sankhini, Katukarohini, Brahmadandi.
5. Promoting Union (Sandhaaneeyam.)
Yastimadhu, Guduchi, Prisniparni, Ambashta, Samanga, Mocharasa, Dhaataki, Lodhra, Priyangu, Katphala.
6. Promoting Appetite (Deepaneeyam.)
Pippali, Pippalimoola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Amlavetasa, Maricha, Ajamoda, Bhallaathakaasthi, Hingu.
7. Promoting Strength (Balyam.)
Indravaaruni, Vrishabha, Sataavari, Maashaparni, Vidaari, Aswagandha, Sthiraa, Rohini, Bala, Atibala.
8. Promoting Complexion (Varnyam.)
Chandana, Tunga, Padmaka, Useera, Yastimadhu, Manjista, Saariba, Ksheera-Kaakoli, Sita, Lata.
9. Promoting Voice (Kantyam.)
Saariba, Ikshumoola, Yastimadhu, Pippali, Draaksha, Vidaari, Kaayaphala, Hamsapadi, Briahti, Khantakaari.
10. Promoting Happy Feeling (Hridyam.)
Aamra, Aamraataka, Lakucha, Karamarda, Vrikshaamla, Amlavetasa, Kuvala, Badara, Daadima, Maatulunga.
11. Destroying Satisfaction (Triptighnam.)
Sunthi, Chitramoola, Chavya, Vidanga, Murva, Guduchi, Vacha, Musa, Pippali, Patola.
12. Destroying Piles (Arsoghnam.)
Kutaja, Bilwa, Chitraka, Sunthi, Ativisha, Harithaki, Dhanvayaasaka, Dhaaruharidra, Vacha, Chavya.
13. Destroying Skin Diseases (Kustaghnam.)
Khadira, Harithaki, Aamalaki, Haridra, Bhallaathaka, Saptaparna, Aaragwadha, Karaveera, Vidanga, Jathi Pravaala.
14. Destroying Itching (Kandughnam.)
Chandana, Jataamaamsi, Aaragwadha, Naktamaala, Nimba, Kutaja, Sarshapa, Yastimadhu, Daaruaridra, Musta.
15. Destroying Parasites (Krimighnam.)
Sigru, Maricha, Gandira, Kebuka, Vidanga, Nirgundi,Kinihi, Gokshura, Bhaarngi, Aakhuparnika.
16. Destroying Poison (Vishaghnam.)
Harida, Manjista, Raasna, Sukshmaila, Syaama, Chandana, Ktaka, Sireesha, Sindhuvaara, Sleshmaataka.
17. Producing Milk (Sthanyajananam.)
Virana, Saali, Shastika, Ikshumoola, Kusamoola, Darbhamoola, Kaasamoola, Gundra, Utkatamoola, Katrianamoola.
18. Purifying Milk (Sthanysodhanam.)
Paathaka, Sunthi, Devadaaru, Musta, Murvaa, Guduchi, Kutajabeeja, Bhunimba, Katukarohini, Saariba.
19. Producing Sperm (Sukrajananam.)
Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Kaakoli, Ksheerakaakoli,, Mudgaparni, Maashaparni, Meda, Sataavari, Jataamaamsi, Karkatakasringi.
20. Purifying Sperm (Sukrasodhanam.)
Kushta, Elavaaluka, Katphala, Samudraphena, Kadambaniryaasa, Ikshukanda, Ikshuraka, vasuka Useera.
21. Promoting Lubrication (Snehopagam.)
Draaksha, Yatimadhu, Guduchi, Meda, Vidaari, Kaakoli, Ksheeramkaakoli, Jivaki, Jivanti, Saalaparni.
22. Promoting Sweat (Swedopagam.)
Sigru, Erandamula, Arka, Vrischira, Punarnava, yava, Tila, Kuluttha, Maasha, Badariphala.
23. Promoting Vomiting (Vamanopagam.)
Madhu, Yastimadhu, Kovidaara, Karbudaara, Neepa, Vidula, Bimbi, Sanapushpi, Arka, Pratyakpushpi.
24. Promoting Purgaiton (Virechanopagam.)
Draaksha, Kaasmari, Parushaka, Abhaya, Aamalaki, Vibhitaki, Kuvala, Badara, Karkandhu, Pilu.
25. Useful for Non-oily Enemata (Aasthaapanopagam.)
Trivruth, Bilwa, Pippali, Kushta, Sarshapa, Vacha, Kutajabeeja Satapushpa, Yastimadhu, Madanaphala.
26. Useful for Oily Enemata (Anuvaasanopagam.)
Raasna, Devadaaru, Bilwa, Madanaphala, Satapushpaa, Punarnava, Vrischeera, Gokshura, Agnimantha, Syonaka.
27. Purging Doshas in the Head. (Sirovirechaniyam.)
Jyotishmati, Kshavaka, Maricha, Pippali, Vidanga, Sigru, Sarshapa, Apaamaarga, Sweta, Mahaasweta.
28. Controlling Vomitting. (Chardinigrahanam.)
Jambu, Aamrapallava, Maadiphala, Badara, Daadima, Yava, Yastimadhu, Useera Mrith, Laaja.
29. Controlling Thrist. (Trishnaanigrahanam.)
Sunthi, Dhanvayaasa, Musta, Parpataka, Chandana, Bhunimba, Guduchi, Useera, Dhaanyaka, Patola.
30. Checking Hiccough (Hiccanigrahanam.)
Sati, Pushkaramoola, Badarabeeja, Kantakaari, Brihati, Vriksharuha, Harithaki, Pippali, Duraalabha, Karkatakasringi.
31. Reducing Faecal Matter. (Purisha Sangrahaneeyam.)
Priyangu, Anantha, Aamraasthi, Katwanga, Lodhra, Mocharasa, Samanga, Dhaataki, Baarngi, Padmakesara.
32. Purifying Faecal Matter. (Purisha Virajaneeyam.)
Jambu, Sallakitwak, Kachchura, Yastimadhu, Mocharasa, Devadaru-Niryaasa, Bhrustamrit, Payasyaa, Utpala, Tilakana.
33. Reducing Urine (Mutra Sangrahaneeyam.)
Jumbu, Aamra, Plaksha, Vata, Kapitana, Udumbara, Aswaththa, Bhallaathaka, Asmanthaka, Somavalka.
34. Purifying Urine (Mutra Virajaneeyam.)
Padma, Utpala, Nalina, Kumuda, Sougandhika, Pundareeka, Satapatra, Madhuka, Priyangu, Dhaathakipushpa.
35. Increasing Urine (Mutra virechaneeyam.)
Vrikshaadani, Swadamstra, Vasuka, Suryaavarta, Paashaanabhedi, Darbha, Kusa, Kaasa, Musta, Utkatamoola.
36. Relieving Cough (Kaasa Hara.)
Draaksha, Harithaki, Aamalaki, Pippali, Duraalabha Karkatasringi, Kantakaari, Punarnava, Taamalaki, Vruschira.
37. Relieving Dyspepsia (Swasahara.)
Sati, Pushkaramula, Amlavetasa, Ela, Hingu, Agaru, Surasa, Taamalaki, Jeevanti, Chandaa.
38. Relieving Swelling (Swayathuhara.)
Paatala, Agnimandha, Syonaka, Bilwa, Kaasmari, Kantakaari, Brihati, Saalaparni, Prisniparni, Gokshura, (Dasamoola).
39. Relieving Fever (Jwaraharam.)
Saariba, Sarkara, Paatha, Manjista, Draaksha, Peelu, Parushaka, Harithaki, Aamalaki, Vibhithaki.
40. Relieving Exhaustion (Sramaharam.)
Draaksha, Kharjura, Piyala, Badara, Daadima, Phalgu, Parushaka, Ikshu, Yava, Shastika.
41. Relieving Burning Sensation (Daahaprasamanam.)
Laaja, Chandana, Kaasmari, Madhuka, Sarkara, Neelotpala, Useera, Saariba, Guduchi Hribera.
42. Relieving Cold (Seethaprasamanam.)
Tagara, Agaru, Dhaanyaka, Sringabera, Ajamoda, Vacha, Kantakaari, Agnimandha, Syonaaka, Pippali.
43. Relieving Rashes (Udardaprasamanam.)
Tinduka, Piyaala, Badara, Khadira, Kadara, Saptaparna, Aswakarna, Arjuna, Asana, Irimeda.
44. Relieving bodily Pains (Angamardaprasamanam.)
Vidaarigandhaa, Prisniparni, Brihati, Kantakaaari, Eranda, Kakoli, Chandana, Useera, Ela, Madhuka.
45. Relieving Colic (Sulaprasamanam.)
Pippali, Pippalimoola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Maricha, Ajamoda, Ajagandha, Jeeraka, Gandeera.
46. Restoring Blood (Sonitaasthaapanam.)
Madhu, Madhuka, Kumkuma, Mocharasa, Loshta, Lodhra, Gairika, Prenkhana, Sarkara, Laaja.
47. Relieving Suffering (vedanaasthaapana.)
Arjuna, Katphala, Kadamba, Padma, Kumuda, Mocharasa, Sirisha, Vanjula, Ela Valuka, Asoka.
48. Restoring Consciousness (Prajaasthaapana.)
Hingu, Katphala, Irimeda, Vacha, Sati, Braahmi, Golomi, Jataamaamsi, Guggulu, Katurohini.
49. Fixing Pregnancy (Prajaasthaapana.)
Indravaaruni, Braahmi, Durvaa, Swwetadurvaa Paatali, Aamalaki, Harithaki, Katurohini, Bala, Prenkhana.
50. Fixing Youthfulness (Vayasthapana.)
Guduchi, Harithaki, Aamalaki, Raasna, Swetha, Jeevanti, Sataavari, Braahmi, Sthira, Punarnawa.

Susruta’s Classification of Drugs (37 groups)
1. Vidaarigandhaadi gana
Vidaarigandhaa (Saalparnee), Vodaaree, Viswadevaa (Gaangarukee), Sahadevaa (a variety of Bala), Swadamshtraa (Gokshura), Prithakparnee (Prisniparnee), Sataavaree, Saaribaa, Krishna Saaribaa, Jeevaka and Rishabhaka, Mahaasa haa (Maashaparnee), Kshudrasahaa (Mudgaparnee), Brihatee, Kantakaaree, Punarnavaa, Eranda, Hamsapaadi, Vrischikaalee and Rishabhee.
The Vidaarigandhaadigana counteracts Vaata and Pitta; it is useful in Sosha (emaciation), Gulma (tumour), Angamarda (bodily soreness), Oordhwaswaasa (a kind of Swaasa) and Kaasa (cough).
2. Aaragwadhaadi gana
Aaragwadha, Madana, Gopaghonta (Karkotee), Kantakee (Vikamkata), Kutaja, Paathaa, Paatalaa, Moorvaa, Indrayava, Saptaparna, Nimba, Kurantaka, Daaseekurantaka, Gudoochee, Chitraka, Saarngeshtaa (Kaakajanghaa), Karanja and Vitapakaranja, Patola, Kiraatatiktaka and Sushavee (Kaaravella).
The Aaragwadhaadigana checks Kapha and Poison; it is also useful in Prameha, Kushta, Jwara, Vami (vomiting), Kandu (itching) and it purifies Vrana (Dushta).
3. Varunaadi gana
Varuna, Aartagala (Kakubha), Sigru, Madhu Sigru, Tarkaaree, Mesha Sringee (karkatasringee), Pooteeka (Chirabilva), Naktamaala (Brihat Karanja), Morata (Ankolapushpa), Agnimandha, two kinds of Saireyaka 9of red and blue flowers), Bimbee, Vasuka (Buka), Vasira (Markatapippalee), Chitraka, Sataavari, Bilwa, Ajasringee (Chagalavishanikaa), Darbha (Kusa), Brihatee and Kantakaari.
This Varunaadigana checks Kapha and Medas; it is also useful in headache, Gulma, and Aabhyantara vidradhi (internal abscess).
4. Veeratarwaadigana
Veerataru (Savara), two kinds of Sahachara, Darbha, Vrikshaadanee, Gundraa (Paadaraka bhedah), Nala, Kusa, Kaasa, Asmabhedaka, Agnimandha, Morataa (Ankollapushpa), Vasuka, Vasira, Bhallooka, Kurantaka, Indeevara, Kapotavankaa, and Swadamshtra (Gokshura).
5. Saalasaaraadi gana
Saalasaara, Ajakarna (Sarja), Khadira Kadara (Swetasaara), Kaalaskandha, Kramuka (Pooga), Bhoorja, Meshasringa (Karkatasringi), Tinisa (Syandana), Chandana, Kuchandana, Simsapaa, Sireesha, Asana (Beejaka). Dhava (Sakata), Arjuna (Kakubha), Taala, Saaka, Naktamaala, Pooteeka, Aswakarna, Agaru and Kaaleeyakam (Malendree chandanam).
This gana is very helpful in Kushta. It also acts as a curative in Prameha, Paandu (anaemia) and lessens Kapha and Medas.
6. Rodhraadigana
Rodhra, Saavaralodhra, Palaasa, Kutannata, Asoka, Phanjee (Bhaarngee), Katphala, Elaavaalukam, Sallakee, Jinginee, Kadamba, Saala and Kadalee.
The Rodhraadigana lessens Medas and Kapha; it is curative of Yoni Dosha (disorders of Yoni); it is astringent (Stambhee), develops complexion (Varnya), and mitigates the poisons (Vishavinaasana).
7. Arkaadigana
Arka, Alarka (Sweta Arka), Karanja, Vitapakaranja, Naagadantee, Mayooraka (Apaamaarga), Bhaargee, Raasnaa, Indrapushpee, Kshudra Swetaa (Sephanda), Mahaaswetaa, Vrischikaalee, Alavanaa (Jyotishmatee), and Taapasa Vriksha (Induda).
The Arkaadigana checks Kapha, Medas and Visha; it is helpful also in Krimi, Kushta and is chiefly a purificator of Vranas (Viseshaat Vrana Sodhanah).
8. Surasaadigana
Surasaa (Krishna Tulasee), Sweta Surasaa (Sweta Tulasee), Phanijjaka (Maruvaka), Arjaka (Swetakutheraka), Bhoosthrina (Angudaaka), Sugandhaka (Dronapushpa), Sumukha (Raajikaa), Kaalamaala (Krishnamallikaa), Kaasamarda, Kshavaka (‘Chinkine’), Kharapushpaa (Kshavakabhedah), Vidanga, Katphala, Surasee (‘Bilwanasee’), Nirgundee, Kulaahala (Mundikaa), Undurukarnika (mooshika Karnikaa), Phanjee (Bhaargee), Praacheebala (Matsyaakshaka), Kaakamaachee, and Vishnumustika.
Suraasadigana checks Kapha and destroys Krimees (Parasites); it is also useful in cold, loss of appetite, hard breathing and cough; it purifies (Dushta) Vrana.
9. Mushkakaadigana
Mushkaka (Kshaaravriksha), Palaasa (Kinsuka), Dhava, Chitraka, Madana, Vrikshaka (Kutaja), Simsapaa, Vajravriksha and Thriphala (Hareetaki, Vibheetaki and Aamalaki).
Mushkakaadigana reduces Medas and is useful in Sukradosha (impurity of Semen); it also acts as a curative in Prameha, Arsas, Paanduroga and Sarkara.
10. Pippalyaadigana
Pippalee, Pippaleemoola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sringabera (Sunthee), Maricha, Hastipippalee (Gajapippalee), Harenuka, Elaa, Ajamodaa, Indrayava, Paathaa, Jeeraka, Sarshapa, Mahaanimbaphala, Hingu, Bhaarngee, Madhursaa (Moorvaa), Ativisha, Vachaa, Vidanga, and Katurohinee.
Pippalyaadigana reduces Kapha Dosha, cold (Pratisyaaya), Vaata, anorexia, Gulma and pain (Soola); it creates appetite (deepana) and digests (resolves) AamaDosha (Aama Paachana).
11. Elaadigana
Ela, Tagara, Kushta, Maamsee, Dhyaamaka (Kattrina), Twak, Patra (Patrakam), Naagapushpa (Naagakesara), Priyangu, Harenuka, Vyaaghranakha, Sukti, (Vyaaghranakhabheda), Chandaa, Sthouneyaka (Thuneraka), Sreeveshtaka (Saraladruma), Chocha, Charaka, Vaaluka, Guggulu, Sarjarasa Turushka (Sihlaka), Kunduraka (Sallakee (Chopa), Agaru, Sprukkaa, Useera, Bhadradaaru, Kunkumam and Punnagakesara.
Elaadigana checks Vasta and Kapha and Visha (Poison); it creates luster of the skin (Varna prasaada); it destroys itching (Kandoo), Pidakaa (Disease with elevated skin on account fo an abcess etc) and Kotha (eruption on skin).
12. Vachaadigana
Vachaa, Mustaa, Ativishaa, Abhayaa, Bhadradaaru, and Naagakesara constitute Vachaadigana.
13. Haridraadi gana
Haridraa, Daaruharidraa, Kalasee (Prisniparnee), Kutajabeeja and Yastimadhu constitute Haridraadigana.
Both Vachaadigana and Haridraadigana purify the breast-milk, act as amelioratives (Samana) in Aamaateesaara; they are especially digestive of the Doshaas (Viseshaat Doshapaachanou).
14. Syaamaadigana
Syaamaa (Sweta Trivrut), Mahaasyaama (Vriddhadaaraka), Trivrut (having red root), Dantee, Sankhinee (Yavatiktabhedah), Tilvaka (Rodhra), Kampillaka (Rochanikaa), Ramyaka (Mahaanimba), Kramuka, Putrasrence, Gavaakshee, Raajavriksha, Karanja, Vitapakaranja, Gudoochi, Saptala (Snuheebheda), Chagalaantree (Vriddhadaarakabheda), Sudhaa (Sehunda) and Suvarnaksheeri.
Syaamaadigana checks Gulma and Visha (poison), Aanaaha (distension of abdomen), Udara, and Udaavarta; it causes free evacuation of the bowels.
15. Brihatyaadigana
Brihatee, Kantakaarika, Kutajaphala, Paathaa, and Madhukam (Yashtimadhu).
Brihatyaadigana is a digestive (Paachaneeya); it checks Vaata and Pitta. It is also beneficial in Arochaka (Anorexia) due to Kapha, Hridroga, Mootrakrichra (Dysuria) and a kind of pain during urination.
16. Patolaadigana
Patola, Chandana, Kuchandana, (Raktachandana), Moorvaa, Gudooche, Paathaa and Katurohinee.
Patolaadigana cures Pitta, Kapha and Arochaka (anorexia); it allays Jwara; it is beneficial in Vranas, and cures vomiting, itching and Visha (poison).
17. Kaakolyaadigana
Kaakolee, Ksheerakaakolee, Jeevaka, Rishabhaka, Mudgaparnee, Maashaparni, Medaa, Mahaamedaa, Chinnaruhaa (Gudoochee), Karkatasringee, Tugaaksheeree (Vamsalochanaa), Padmaka, Prap0oundareeka, Riddhi, Vriddhi, Mridweeka (Draakshaa), Jeewantee and Madhukam.
Kaakolyaadigana cures Pittasonita (Rakta vitiated by Pitta; or Pitta and Sonita) and Vaayu. It is Jeevana (increases vitality), Brimhana (promotes bodily growth), Vrishya (increases semen), and increases breast-milk and Kapha.
18. Ooshakaadigana
Ooshaka (Kshaaramrittika), Saindhavalavana, Silaajathu. Kaaseesadwaya (Vaalukaaseesam and Pushpukaaseesam), Hingu and Tuththtaka.
Ooshakaadigana allays Kapha and diminishes Medas; it acts as curative in Asmaree (stone), Sarkaraa (sand in urine), Mootrakrichchra and Gulma.
19. Saaribaadigana
Saribaa, Madhuka (Yashtimadhu), Chandana, Kuchandana (Raktachandana), Padmaka, Kaasmareephala, Madhookapushpa and Useeram.
Saaribaadigana allays thirst and Raktapitta. It is beneficial in Pittajwara and cures Daaha (burning sensation) especially.
20. Anjanaadi Gana
Anjana (Souveeraanjanam), Rasaanjanam, Naagapushpa (Naagakesaram), Priyangu, Neelotpala, Nalanda (Maamsee), Nalinakesara (Padmakesra) and Madhukam.
This Gana cures Raktapitta; it is beneficial in Visha (poisoning), and it allays internal burning sensation.
21. Parooshakaadi Gana
Parooshakaa, Draakshaa, Katphala, Daadima, Raajadana (Ksheerika), Katakaphala and Saakaphalas (fruits of a tree named Saaka). (Fruits of all the above drugs should be used).
Parooshakaadigana cures Vaata and disordered urine; it is pleasant to take (Hridya); it allays thirst and creates appetite.
22. Priyangwaadi Gana
Priyangu, Samangaa (Anjali-Kaarikaa or Lajjaalu), Dhaatakee, Punnaaga (Tunga), Naagapushpam, Chandanam, Kuchandanam, Mocharasa (Saalmali chupa), Rasaanjana Kumbheeka, Srotonjana, Padmakesara, Yojanavalli (Manjishta) and Deerghamoolaa (Duraalabhaa).
23. Ambashtaadi Gana
Ambashtaa (Maachikaa), Dhaatakikusuma, Samangaa (Lajjalu), Katvanga (Araluka), Madhuka, Bilwapesikaa, (Baala Bhilwagirah), Saavararodhra (Lodhra), Palaasa, Nandeevriksha (Kaasmaree) and Padmakesaram.
Both Priyangwaadi Gana and Ambashtaadi Gana are useful in Pakwaateesara. They cause Sandhaana (union of bones etc), are beneficial in Pitta and heal the ulcers (Vranaanaam chaapi Ropanou).
24. Nyagrodhaadi Gana
Nyagrodha (Vata), Udumbara, Aswaththa, Plaksha, Madhuka, Kapeethana (Aamraataka), Kakubha, Aamra, Kosaamra, Chorakapatra (Laakshaavrikshaa), Jamboodwaya (Raajajamboo and Kaakajamboo – Swalpaphala), Piyaala (Saaradruma), Madhooka (Gudapushpa), Rohinee (Katphala), Vanjula (Vetasa), Kadamba, Badaree, Tindukee (Tinduka Vriksha), Sallakee, Rodhra, Saavararodhra, Bhallaataka, Palaasa and Nandeevriksha.
Nyagrodhaadigana is beneficial in the treatment of Vranas (Vranyah); it is astringent (Sangraahee); it is useful in fractures (Bhagna Saadhaka). Further, it allays Raktapitta (Haemorrhage) and Daaha (burning sensation); it reduces Medas (obesity) and it is useful in Yonidosha (Yonivvaapat).
25. Gudoochyaadi Gana
Gudoochi, Nimba, Kustamburu (Dhaanyakam), Chandanam and Padmakam.
Gudoochyaadi gana checks all Jwaras (fevers and it increases appetite (Deepana). It allays’ Hrillaasa (nausea accompanied with hawking of mucous etc. from the mouth), Arochaka (Anorexia), Vami (Vomiting), thirst and burning sensation.
26. Utpalaadi Gana
Utpala (Neelotpala), Raktotpala, Kumuda (Swetotpala) Sougandhika (a Sweet-scented blue lily different from Neelotphala), Kuvalaya, (Utpala having blue-white colour), Pundareeka (White lotus) and Madhukam (Yashtimadhu).
Utpalaadigana allays Daaha (burning sensation), Pitta and Rakta, thirst, Visha (poisoning), Hridroga, Chardi (Vomiting) and Moorchaa (Syncope).
27. Mustaadi Gana
Mustaa, Haridraa, Daaruharidraa, Hareetakee, Aamalaka, Vibheetaka, Kushta, Haimavatee (Vachaa), Paathaa, Katurohinee, Saarngeshtaa (Yavatiktaa), Ativishaa, Draavidee (Elaa), Bhallaataka and Chitraka.
Mustakadi Gana reduces Kapha; it also cures Yonidosha and purifies breast-milk; it is digestive (Paachana).
28. Triphalaa
Hareetakee, Aamalaka and Vibheetaka. Thriphala reduces Kapha and Pitta; it is useful in Prameha, Kushta; it is beneficial to eyes; it creates appetite and is useful in Vishamajwara.
29. Trikatukam
Pippalee, Maricha and Sringabera (Sunthee).
This is also called Tryooshanam and Vyosha. It reduces Kapha and Medas and is useful in Pramea, Kushta, Twagaamaya (Skin diseases); it creates appetite; it is useful in Gulma, Peenasa and Agnyalpataa (Poor digestion).
30. Aamalakyaadi Gana
Aamalakee, Hareetakee, Pippalee and Chitraka.
This Aamalakyaadigana is useful in all jwaras (fevers) is beneficial to eyes, is an aphrodisiac and cures Kaphaarochaka (Anorexia due to Kapha).
31. Trapwaadi Gana
Trapu (Vangam-Tin), Seesa (Lead), Taamra (Copper) Raata (Silver), Krishna Loha (Steel), Suvarna (Gold), and Lohamala (Mandooram).
Trapwaadigana is useful in gara (poisoning usually through food), worms (Krimi), thirst, Visha, Hridroga Paandu and Prameha.
32. Laakshaadi Gana
Laakshaa, Aarevata (Kiramaalaka), Kutaja, Aswamaaraka (Karaveera), Katphala, Haridraa and Daaruharidraa, Nimba, Saptachchada, Maalatee and Traayamaanaa.
Laakshaadi Gana is Kashaaya (astringent), bitter and sweet in taste; reduces ailments due to Kapha and Pitta; it is useful in Kushta and Krimi (worms); it also purifies Dushta vranas.
33. Kaneeya Panchamoola (or Hraswa Panchamoolam of Laghupanchamoola).
Trikantaka (Gokshura), Brihatee, Kantakaari Prithakparnee and Vidaarigandhaa (Saalaparni).
Kaneeya Panchamoola is Kashaaya, Tikta and Madhura in Rasa (taste); it reduces Vaata and ameliorates Pitta; it is Brimhana (tissue building) and increases strength (Balavardhanah).
34. Mahaa Panchamoola (Brihat Panchamoola)
Bilwa, Agnimandha, Tuntuka (Syonaaka), Paatalaa and Kaasmaree.
Mahaa Panchamoolam is bitter (tikta), checks Kapha and Vaata; it is Laghu in Paaka; it promotes appetite and it is slightly sweet in Rasa (Taste).
35. Dasamoola
Both the above Panchamoolas (i.e.) kaneeya panchamoola and Mahaa Panchamoola mixed are called Dasamoola.
Dasamoola (Gana) reduces Swaasa (hard breathing), it checks Kapha, Pitta and Vaayu; it digests Aama-Dosha and it is curative of all Jwaras (fevers).
36. Vallee Panchmoola
Vidaaree, Saaribaa, Rajanee (Haridraa), Gudoochee, and Ajasringi.
37. Kantakapanchamoola
Karamanda, Trikantaka, (Gokshura), Saireeyaka, Sataavaree and Grindhranakhee.
Both the above ganas (Vallee Panchamoola and Kantaka Panchamoola are beneficial in Raktapitta and are useful in three kinds of Sopha (Aama, Pachyamaana and Pakwa), Prameha and purify Sukra.
Laghupanchamoola and Mahaapanchamoola usually reduce Vaata; Trinapanchamoola reduces Pitta; the other two, namely, Valleepahchamoola and Kantaka Panchamoola, reduce Kapha.
It should be understood that the substances in the groups (Ganas) may be altered, or individually used and variously combined according to the Doshaas, or Dooshyas etc. existing individually or in various combinations in a person.

Vaagbhata’s Classification of Drugs (31 Groups)
1.Vamanaoushadhagana (Emetics)
Madana, Madhuka (Yashtimadhu), Lambaa (Tumbee), Nimba, Bimbee, Visaalaa (Indravarunee), Trapusa, Kutaja, Moorvaa, Devadaalee, Krimighna (Vidangam), Vidula (Jalavetasa). Dahana (Chitraka), Chitraa (Mooshikaparnee), Kosavatyou (ghantaalikaa, and Dhaamaargava), Karanja, Kanaa (Pippalee), Lavana (Saindhavalavana) Vachaa, Elaa and Sarshapa are used as emetics.
2.Virechanaoushdhagana (Purgatives)
Nikumbha (Dantee), Kumbha (Trivruth), Thriphalaa, Gavaakshee (Visaalaa), Snuk, Sankhinee (Yavatiktaa), Neelinee, Tilwaka (Rodhra), Samyaaka (Aaragwadha), Kampillaka, Hemadugdhaa, (Swarnaksheeree), Dugdham (Milk), Mootram (urine of cow etc) are used as purgatives.
3.Niroohana Dravyagana
Madanaphala, Kutaja (Twak), Kushtam, Devadaalee, Madhukam, Vachaa, Dasamoola, (See page Susruta’s classification of drugs), Daaru (Devadaaru), Raasnaa, Yava, Misi (Satapushpaa), Kritavedhanam (Dhaamaargava), Kuluththa, Madhu (honey), Lavanam (Saindhavam) and Trivruth are useful as ingredients of Niroohavasti.
4.Seershavirechaneeyagana
Vella (Vidanga), Apaamaarga, Vyosha (Trikatukam), Daarvee (Daaruharidraa), Suraalaa (Sreshta Sarjarasa), Saireeshabeeja, Baarhatabeeja (Brihatibeeja), Saigravambeejam (Sigrubeeja), Maadhooka Saara (Madhupushpasaara), Saindhavam, Taarkshyasailam (Sushkarasaanjanam), Trutyou (Sookshma Elaa and Sthoola Ela), and Prithveekaa (Hingupatree) are used for Seershavirechana (Sodhana Nasya).
5. Vaataharaganas
Bhadradaaru, Natam (Tagaram), Kushtam, Dasamoolam (See page Susruta’s classification of drugs) and Balaadwaya (Balaa and Atibala) constitute Bhadradaarwaadigana. The Bhadradaarwaadigana, Veeratarwaadigana and the Vidaaryadi gana (both of which follow) check Vaayu.
6. Pittaharaganas
Doorwaa, Anantaa (Yavaasa), Nimba, Vaasaa, Aatmaguptaa (Kapikachchu), Gundraa (Padrakaha), Abheeru (Sataavaree), Seetapaakee (Kaakanamtikaabheda) and Priyangu (Syaamaa) constitute Doorwaadigana which checks Pitta. So also Saaliparnee and Prisniparnee) Padmam (lotus), Vanyam (Kutannatam) and the Saaribaadi gana ameliorate pitta).
7. Kaphaharaganas
Aaragwadhaadi Gana, Arkaadi Gana, Mushkakaadi Gana, Asanaadi Gana, Surasaadi gana, Mustaadi gana and Vatsakaadi gana ameliorate Kapha Dosha.
8. Jeevaneeyaadi Gana
Jeevanthee, Kaakolee, Ksheerakaakolee, Medaa, Mahamedaa, Mudgaparnee, Maashaaparnee, Rishabhaka, Jeevaka and Madhuka (Yashtimadhu) constitute Jeevaneeyaadi gana. (The name of the gana itself implies that it confers vitality, (i.e., it is life-giving).
9. Vidaaryaadi Gana
Vidaaree, Panchaangula, (Eranda), Vrischikaalee (Meshasringee), Vrischeeva (Kshudravarshaabhoo), Devaahvaya (Devadaaru), two kinds of Soorpaparnee (Mudgaparnee and Maasaparnee), Kandookaree (Kapikachooh) Jeevana Panchamoolam (Abheeru, Veeraa, Jeevantee, Jeevaka and Rishabhaka), Hraswapanchamoolam (Brihatee, Kantakaree, Saalaparnee, Prisniparnee and Gokshuraka), Gopasutaa (Saaribaa) and Tripaadee (Hamsapadee) constitute Vidyaaryaadi gana.
The Vidaaryaadi gana is hridya (pleasing), Brimhana (tissue-builder), and it ameliorates Vaata and Pitta besides checking Sosha (wasting), Gulma (tumour), Angamarda (bodily soreness), Oordhwaswaasa (a kind of hard-breathing), and Kaasa (cough).
10. Saaribaadi Gana
Saaribaa, Useeram, Kaasmarya, Madhooka, Sisiradwayam (Chandanam and Raktachandanam), Yashtee (Yeshtimadhu) and Parooshakam constitute Saaribaadigana which ameliorate Daaha (burning sensation), Pitta, Rakta (disorders of), thirst and Jwara (fever.)
11. Padmaakadi Gana
Padmakam, Pundra (Prapoundareekam, Vriddhi, (Sraavanee), Tugaa (Vamsalochanaa), Riddhi (Mahaasraavanee), Sringee (Karkatasringee), Amritaa (Gudooc hee) and the drugs constituting Jeewantyaadi gana (aforesaid constitute Padmakaadi gana.
The ingredients of Padmakaadi gana increase the breast-milk, ameliorate the vitiated Pitta, cause satisfaction (Preenana), promote life (Jeevana) and build tissues (Brimhana); they are aphrodisiacs (Vrishya).
12. Parooshakaadi Gana
Parooshakam, Varaa (Triphala), Draakshaa, Katphalam, Katakaphalam, Raajaahvam (Aaragwadha), Daadimam, Saaka (Kharachchadam) constitute Parooshakaadi gana which ameliorates thirst, diseases pertaining to urine (Mootraamaya) and Vaata.
13. Anjanaadi Gana
Anjanam (Srotonjanam or Souveeraanjanam), Phalinee (Priyangu), Maamsee (Krishnajataa), Padmam (Lotus), Utpalam (Lily), Rasaanjanam, Elaa, Madhukam (Yashtimadhu), Naagaahvam (Naagakesaram) constitute Anjanaadi gana which ameliorates Visha (poison), Antardaaha (internal burning sensation), and Pitta.
14. Patolaadi Gana
Patola, Katurohinee, Chandanam, Madhusravaa (Surangee), Gudoochee and Paathaa constitute Patolaadi gana which checks Kapha, Pitta, Kushta, Jwara, Visha, Vami (Vomiting), Arochaka and Kaamalaa (Jaundice).
15. Gudoochyaadi Gana
Gudoochee, Padmaka, Arista (Nimba), Dhanakaa, (Dhaanyaka) and Raktachandanam constitute Gudoochyaadi Gana which ameliorates Pitta, Kapha, Jwara, Vomiting, burning sensation, and thirst; it promotes appetite.
16. Aaragwadhaadi Gana
Aarakwadha, Indrayava, Paatali (Vasantha Dootee), Kaakatiktaa (Saarangeshtaa), Nimba, Amritaa (Gudoochee), Madhurasaa (Moorvaa), Sruva Vriksha (Vikamkata), Paathaa (Ambashtaa), Bhoonimba, Sairyaka (Sahachara), Patola (Karanjayugma (Pooteekaranja and Naktamaala), Saptachchada (Saptaparna). Agni (Chitraka), Sushavee (Kaaravee), Phala (Madanaphala), Baana (Sahachara) and Ghontaa (Poogavisesha) constitute Aaragwadhaadi gana which checks vomiting. Kushta, Visha, Jwara, Kapha, itching and Prameha; it purifies Dushta Vrana.
17. Asanaadi Gana
Asana (Peeta Saala), Tinisa (Svadana), Bhoorja, Swetavaaha (Arjuna), Prakeerya (Pootikaranja), Khadira, Kadara (Swetasaara), Bhandee (Sireesha), Sinsapaa (Mandala-patrikaa), Meshasringee, Trihimam (Chandanam, Raktachandanam and Daaruharidraa), Tala (Taala), Palaasa (Kinsuka), Jongaka (Agaru), Saakam (Varadaaru), Saala, Kramuka (Pooga), Dhava (Sakata), Kulinga (Sakrayava), Chaagakarma and Aswakarna constitute Asanaadi Gana which ameliorates Switra (leucoderma), Kushta, Kapha, Krimi (worms), Paanduroga, Prameha and reduces Medodosha (obesity).
18. Varanaadi Gana
Varana, Sairyakayugma (Kuravaka and Kurantaka), Sataavaree, Dahana (Chitraka), Morata (Moorva), Bilwa, Vishaanikaa (Ajasringee), Dwibrihatee (Brihatee and KantaKaari), Dwikaranja (Pootikaranja and Naktamaala), Jayaadwayam (Tarkaaree and Hareethakee), Bahalapallava (Sobhaanjana), Darbha (Kusa) and Rujaakara (Hitaau) constitute Varanaadi Gana which checks Kapha, Medas (fat), Poor digestion (Mandaagni), Vaata (vitiated downwards), headache, Gulma, Baahyavidradhi and Antarvidradhi).
19. Ooshakaadi Gana
Ooshaka (Kallara); Tuththakam (Kitiha), Hingu, Kaaseesadwaya (Pushpakaaseesam and Paansukaaseesam), Saindhavam, Silaajatu constitute Ooshakaadi Gana which checks Mootrakrichra, Asma (calculus), Gulma, Medas (fat) and Kapha.
20. Veerataraadi Gana
Vellaantara (Veeratara or Useera), Aranika (Agnimandha), Booka (Easwara mallika), Vrisha (Vaasaa), Asmabheda (Paashaanabheda), Gokantaka (Gokshura), Itkataa, Saaachara, Baana, Kaasa, Vrikshaadance, Nala, Kusadwaya (Sthoola Darbha and Sookshma Darbha), Gunthaa (Vrintatrin) Gumdraa (Pada Eraka), Bhallooka Syonaaka), Moraa, Kuranta (Sitivaaraka), Karambha (Uttamaarani), Paarthaa (Suvarchalaa) constitute Veerataraadi gana. This Gana ameliorates diseases caused by vitiated Vaata; it is, further, beneficial in Asmaree (Caleulus), Sarkaraa (Sand in urine), Mootrakrichra (Dysuria), Mootraghaate (Dribbling of urine etc., and pain in urinary organs.
21. Rodhraadi Gana
Rodhra, Saavaraka Rodhra, Palaasa (Sathee), Jinginee (Krishnasaalmalee), Saralam (Devadaaru), Katphalam, Kutsitaamba (Kadamba), Kadalee (Rambhaa), Gatasoka (Asoka), Elavaalu, Paripelavam (Kutannatam) and Mocha (Sallakee) constitute Rodhraadi gana which reduces fat, Kapha, Yonidosha (disorders of Yoni), and which is astringent, complexion giving and antipoisonous.
22. Arkaadi Gana
Arka, Alarka (White flowered variety of Arka, Naagadanty, Visalvaa (Langalee), Bhaargee, Raasnaa, Vrishchikaalee (Ushtradhoomaka), Prakeeryaa (Karanjaka), Pratyakpushpee (Apaamaarga), Peetataila (Kaakaadanee), Udakeeryaa (Karamja), Swetaa Yagnam (Kinihi and Paalindee) and Taapasavriksha (Ingudee) constitute Arkaadigana. Arkaadi gana reduces Kapha, Medas (fat) and poison; it ameliorates Krimi, and Kushta; it purifies Vranas (ulcers) especially.
23. Surasaadi Gana
Surasayugma (Krishna Tulasi and Sweta Tulasi), Phanijjam (Mareechaka), Kaalamaalaa (Krishhnaarjaka), Vidangam. Kharabusa (Maruvaka), Vrishakarnee (Mooshikakarnee), Katpharam Kaasamarda, Kshavaka, Sarasee (Tumbarapatrikaa), Bhaargee (Angaaravalee), Kaamukaa, (Raktamanjaree), Kaakamaachee, Kalahala (Alambusa), Vishamushti (Kuchilaa), Bhoostrina (Atichatra), and Bhootakasee (Maamsee Putrachaaraa) constitute Surasaadigana which checks Kapha, Medas, Krimi, Pratisyaaya, Aruchi, (Anorexia), Swaasa (hard breathing), and Kaasa (cough) and which purifies the Vraas.
24. Mushkaakadi Gana
Mushkaka (Mokshaka), Snuk (Gudaa), Varaa (Triphala) Dweepi (Chitraka), Palaasa, Dhava and Sinsapaa constitute Mushkakaadigana which checks Gulma, Prameha, Asmaree, Paanduroga, Medas, Arsas (Piles), Kapha and Sukradosha.
25. Vatsakaadi Gana
Vatsaka (Vanatiktaka, Moorvaa, Bhaargee, Katukaa (Katurohinee), Maricham, Ghunapriyaa (Ativishaa), Gandeeram (Snuhee), Elaa, Paathaa, Ajaajee (Jeerakam), Katvangaphalam (Aralukaphalam), Ajamoda (Deepyaka), Siddhaartha (Goura sarshapa), Vachaa, Jeeraka, Hingu, Vindangam, Pasugandhaa (Ajagandhaa), and Panchakolakam (Pippalee, Pippaleemoola, Chavya, Chitraka and Sunthee) constitute Vatsakaadigana which checks Vasta, Kapha and Medas, Peenasa, Gulma, Jwara, Sools and Durnaama.
26. Vachaadi Gana
Vachaa, Jalada (Musta), Devaawa (Kilimam), Naagara (Sunthee), Ativishaa and Abhayaa constitute Vachaadigana.
Haridraa, Daaruharidraa, Yastyaahwa (Yashtimadhu), Kalasee (Prisniparnee), and Kutajodbhava (Indrayava) constitute Haridraadigana.
Both Vachaadigana and Haridraadigana check Aamaateesaara. They are also useful in Medas, excessive Kapha, Vaayu and impurities of breastmilk.
27. Privangwaadi Gana
Priyangu (Syaama), Pushpaanjanam (Reetipushpam), Anjanayugmam (Srotanjanam and Souveeranjanam), Padmaa (Padma chaarinee), Padmaadrajah (padmakesaram), Yojanavallee (Manjishtaa), Anantaa (Yavaasa), Maanadruma (Saalma lee), Mocha rasa (Saalmalee Niryaasaa), Samangaa (Namaskaaree), Punnaaga (Tunga), Seetham (Chandanam), Madaneeyaketuh (Dhaatakee) constitute Priyangwaadigana.
28. Ambashtaadi Gana
Ambaashtaa (Mayoorasikhaa), Madhukam (Yashtimadhu), Namaskaree (Samangaa), Nandeevriksha (Prarohee), Palaasa, Kachchura (Dhanvayaasa), Rodhram, Dhaatakee, Bilwapesika, Katwanga (Syonaka), and Kamalodhbhavam Rajah (Padmakesaram) constitute Ambashtaadigana.

Both Priyangwaadigana and Ambashtaadigana check Pakwaateesara; they are Sandhaaneeya (cause union of fractures etc.); they are beneficial in Pitta and cause healing of ulcers.
29. Mustaadi Gana
Mustaa, Vachaa, Agni (Chitraka), Dwinisaa (Haridraa and Daaruharidraa), Dwitiktaa (Katurohinee and Kaakatikta), Bhallaataka, Paathaa, Triphala, Vishaakhyaa (Suklakandaa), Kushtam, Trutee (Elaa), Haimavatee (Swetavachaa) constitute Mustaadigana which are curative of disorders of Vulva (Yoniroga) and breastmilk and are digestive of Malaas.
30. Nyagrodhaadi Gana
Nyagrodha (Vata), Pippalaa, (Aswattha), Sadaaphala (Udumbara), Rodhrayugmam (Rodhara and Saavara Rodhra), Jamboodwaya (Raaja Jamboo and Kaakajamboo), Arjuna, Kapeetana (Vaaneera), Somavalka (Sitasaarakhadira), Plaksha, Aamra, Vanjula (Vetasa), Piyaala, Palaasa, Nandee (Jayavriksha), Kolee (Badaree), Kadamba, Viralaa (Tindukee), Madhukam (Yashtimadhu) and Madhookam (Madhookapushpam) constitute Nyagrodhaadigana. Nyagrodhaadi Gana helps to heal the Vranas, is astringent and useful in fractures (Bhagnasaadhanah); it also checks Medas, Pitta, Rakta, thirst, Daaha (burning sensation) and Yoniroga.
31. Elaadi Gana
Elayugmam (Sookshmai Elaa and Sthoola Elaa), Turuska (a kind of artificial gum), Kushtam, Phalinee (Ganda-Priyangu), Maamsee (Nalandam), Jalam (Hreeberam), Dhyaamakam (Devadagdhakam), Sprikkaa (Devee), Chouraka (Grandhiparnee), Chocha (Twak), Patram (Gandhapatram), Tagaram (Chakram), Sthowneyam (Tailapeetakam), Jaateerasa (Bola), Sukti (Nakha), Vyaagranakha, Amaraahwam (Devadaaru), Aguru, Sreevaasakam, Kunkumam, Chandana, Guggulu, Devadhoopa (Sarjarasa), Khapura, (Kunduruka), Punnaaga (Raktakesara), and Naagaahwayam (Naagakesaram) constitute Elaadigana.
Elaadigana reduces Vaata, Kapha and Visha (Poison); it develops complexion of the body; it also cures itching. Pitikaa (elevated swellings like abscesses etc.) and Kothas (red eruptions on skin).
32. Syaamnadi Gana
Syaamaa (Syaamatrivrit), Dantee (Chitraa), Dravantee (Undurukarnikaa), Kramuka (Pattikaalodhra), Kutaranee (Suklaa), Sankhinee (Yavatiktaa), Charmasaahwaa (Saatalaa), Swarnaksheeree, Gavaakshee, Sikhari (Apaamaarga), Rajanaka, Karanja, Bastaantree (Vrishaandhaa), Vyaadhighata (Kritamaala), Bahalabahurasa (Ikshu) and Teekshnavrikshaphala (Peeluphala) constitute Syaamaadi gana. Yaamadi checks Gulma, Visha (Poison), Aruchi (Anorexia), Kapha, Hridriga and Mootrakrichra (Dysuria).